Location – Milingimbi, Australia
Written – August 2009
[This story was kindly published by ‘Wet Ink’ magazine in Issue 19 of July of 2010. I call it ‘fiction’ but other than a few tweaks it’s all based on the times and people of Milingimbi. You could say that this is my final tribute to a couple of people who aren’t around any more.]
The walls aren’t closing in on her. The walls stay exactly the same.
●
Luce goes for a walk every evening at sunset. One afternoon she finds a dirt track she’s never been down before. A group of Yolngu sit in the shade of a paperbark tree.
‘Manymak marrtji dhuwala dhukarr, wäwa?’ She asks, pointing up the track. Okay to go walking this way brother?
‘Mak,’ one man says - OK - and returns to poking the fire.
She stays on the path. There’s a sacred area nearby that’s prohibited to Balanda, to whitefellas. It’s the dry season so the undergrowth is brown and sparse. Much of it has been burnt off. Tufts of spiky green spring from the ashes. The track passes the island’s sewage facility. Lilies have grown on the ponds and magpie geese sit on the concrete rim. She walks further, through grassy plains and groves of pandanus, toward the salt flats. A wallaby bounds towards her and stops a few metres away. The wallaby pauses, as if wondering what she’s doing out here, before bounding off into the scrub.
●
Luce crouches to pick up wood the proper way.
She’s been living in Arnhem Land for six months. When she arrived her Yolngu teaching assistant instructed her in the rules of Yolngu ladyhood. The proper way is to bend from the knees - not from the waist - so your backside doesn’t poke out. Breasts aren’t a problem. They’re for milk. The Yolngu word for ‘breasts’ and ‘milk’ is the same - ngamini. She’s had toddlers try to suckle her at the beach and some of the older women go bare chested when it’s hot. Breasts don’t have erotic overtones. The backside does. It’s inappropriate to walk in front of a man, waggling your arse. It’s more lady-like to walk behind.
She gathers an armload of semi-charred wood under her arm and wipes her hands on her long white dress. It hangs loosely around her hips. Women don’t wear tight-fitting clothes on Yurrwi island. It might be a hangover from the Missionary days. The women still wear the long mission dresses with their floral starbursts of colour.
The sun is dipping and it’s time to go home. She’s been chastised for walking after dark. It arouses suspicion - the act of single men and women out on the prowl or of married ones hunting for fresh love. The Balanda teacher seemed to take pleasure in putting her in her place.
I know better, her smirk said. You’re just new here.
●
A group of djamarrkuli came running up to her. Kids, with curly hair crusted by salt water.
‘Luce! Luce! We come your house for bisit? Bisiting?’
The djamarrkuli struggle with the ‘V’ sound. There’s no ‘V’ in Yolngu matha. After a while you stop trying to correct them.
‘Okay,’ she said. ‘We’ll make pikelets.’
The driveway rumbled. Ten djamarrkuli arrived on her doorstep. Girls, about eight years old. They burst into the empty house like a tropical storm. Luce cooked the pikelets as they opened cupboards and explored every room. They jumped on the spare bed and strummed her detuned guitar. She brought out the pikelets.
‘Miss! Miss! We eat him?’
The Yolngu often call objects ‘he’ or ‘she.’ In Yolngu matha the same word ‘ngayi’ is used for ‘he’ ‘she’ and ‘it.’ There isn’t a difference.
‘Mak.’
The djamarrkuli left when the last pikelet had been eaten, and she laid down with a headache.
●
The Balanda teachers live in stilted houses. Alone, or in pairs. The Yolngu live in to rambling houses with ten to fifteen people sleeping on the mattresses. The government is offering large sums of money to the community for housing and development. In exchange for the money they want the community to sign over their land and lease it to the government. Some people are worried the gub’ment wants to mine their land, like at Groote Eylandt and Gove.
●
The gub’ment is a long way away. Arnhem Land is closer to Indonesia than it is to Canberra.
●
There’s bunggul at Bottom Camp. Ceremony. The Yolngu are blessed with a natural abundance of food in Arnhem Land, compared to the desert mob. They don’t need to spend as much time hunting, and so have more time to devote to ceremony and culture. When the Europeans came the Yolngu here fared better than some. The culture remains strong. Balanda are adopted into Yolngu families when they arrive and can attend many of the ceremonies.
This bunggul is for the initiation of six boys. Two of the boys are students in her class. Luce takes a seat with the djamarrkuli who sit to one side of the cleared patch of sand.
A group of older men stand, leading with the click of bilma clapsticks. They sing their call in Yolngu matha and the younger men answer with dance. The dancers have bundles of eucalyptus leaves attached to each thigh. Each sequence rises with the gathering chant - ‘ruh, ruh, ruh ruH, ruH, RUH, RUH, RUH!’ - as the dancers lock into a semi-crouch, their bent knees shaking the bundles of leaves, until the climactic ‘RUH! RUH! RAAY!’ They stop with a flourish before returning to where they started from. At ease, and ready to start over again. The sand is covered with fallen leaves. They dance for several days.
On her way home the Balanda Vice-Principal calls her over.
‘Luce I wanted to see you.’
‘Hi Wendy.’
‘I saw you at bunggul Luce. You were sitting in the wrong spot. You’re not meant to sit with the children. You’d better start listening if you want to stay.’
●
She eats dinner at the table while the fans spin overhead. The phone rings.
‘Luce! How are you doll?’
‘I’m okay Mum. Just eating. Things are okay. The other teachers are starting to ease up.’
‘What’s it like up there? What do you think should be done about the problem?’
‘The problem?’
‘You know, with the Aboriginals.’
‘Aboriginal people. The people here call themselves Yolngu.’
‘Yeah. So what do you think should be done?’
‘I don’t know Mum. I think part of the problem is whitefellas thinking about the people only in terms of a problem.’
‘It must be incredible up there. Arnhem Land.... So... adventurous.’
‘Yeah. I think I have culture shock.’
‘Culture shock? You funny doll. You’re in Australia. I mean, Arnhem Land is still part of Australia...’
‘I gotta go Mum. I’m eating. I’ll call you back okay?’
Luce finishes eating her dinner for one and tips the leftovers into a tub. She puts the tub in the fridge.
●
The Education Department speaks of English as a second language for the Yolngu, but in reality it could be their third, their fourth, or their seventh. Yolngu matha is a group of languages. At Yurwwi island the most commonly spoken dialects are Gupapuyngu and Djambarrpuyngu. The classroom lessons are conducted in English.
The djamarrkuli would rather be hunting or playing basketball. Sometimes she’ll promise them an hour on the court if they do their class work. She doesn’t know the rules. Her assistant umpires the game. Luce sits on the sideline with her head on her palm and a bottle of water dangling from one hand. The Vice Principal strides into their midst.
‘Luce! What are you doing? You’re making too much noise out here. Keep your class under control and keep the noise down.’
The djamarrkuli freeze, shocked to see their teacher shamed in public.
Luce goes looking for the Principal to talk. She finds her office empty. The receptionist says she’s gone home.
She walks to the Principal’s house and knocks on the door. The front yard is filled with boat engines and broken down four-wheel-drives. The lights are on. She can hear the football on the television. No-one answers the door. Luce knocks again, harder.
Nothing. Bäyngu.
●
The Yolngu are saltwater people. Most of what they hunt comes from the sea. They catch fish, mud crab, stingray, shellfish, and turtle.
While fishing on a boat one of the Yolngu blokes spotted the dark head of a turtle surfacing from the blue. They swung the boat around. Two spears were thrust into the water as the turtle began to dive. The floating spears bobbed up in the bloodless water. The turtle was gone.
She was told what happens when you spear a turtle. When you pull it from the water the turtle starts to cry.
●
She imagined that the few Balanda on the community would stick together as a clique as in other outback towns and communities. That isn’t how it is here. The Balanda mostly get along with the Yolngu, and squabble amongst themselves.
She read a study on conflict once. Some researchers studied different conflicts around the globe to see if there was a link with cultural differences. It’s intuitive to think that the worst conflicts are between cultures that are radically different. But that wasn’t what the researchers found. The researchers found that most conflicts are between groups that are culturally similar.
●
After work most of the Balanda teachers hide away in their homes. Some are just exhausted. Others are reclusive by nature, or become that way through culture shock. But Luce can’t look at her walls any longer. She walks around the community talking to the kids. It was on one of her walks that she met Val.
Val has been living in Arnhem Land on and off for the last forty years. When she first arrived at the school she was hazed for a year before quitting the job and moving in with a Yolngu family.
Her adopted Yolngu family respects her, enough to entrust her with their hair. Val has bag fulls of hair in her cupboard. When her family cut their hair they’ll put the clippings in a plastic bag and hand them over to Val. They don’t want to just leave the clippings laying around to be picked up by a sorcerer.
As they walk along the beach Val gestures to the clothes washed up on the shore. Underwear. Basketball singlets. Mission dresses. Shoes. Luce thought they were discarded for no reason. But Val says the Yolngu won’t just throw their old clothes away and leave themselves vulnerable to a curse. They put them in the sea to be cleansed by salt water.
●
There’s a honk in the street. It’s Val. Idling her 4WD with the boat trailer attached.
Luce climbs onto the tray with her dog, Turtle. Some of the teachers name their dogs after the places they picked them up. ‘Manny’ from Maningrida. ‘Milly’ from Milingimbi. Her dog is just Turtle. She paddles out with them as they winch the boat down into the water. Her head bobs above the swell.
‘No Turtle. Stay there girl.’
Turtle whimpers until the sound of the engine drowns her out. The dog can’t come. She gets tangled up in the net. Val opens up the throttle and they move away from the shore. When they’re out past the sand bar she gives it full throttle and the boat starts jumping over the waves. They brace themselves for each thump, bouncing on milk crates.
Luce sees Turtle receding into the distance. She’s still paddling out towards them. She has a vision of the dog paddling out to sea after a boat it can never reach and drowning.
●
The school has a canteen where the kids eat lunch. ‘The Tuck Shop.’ The alarm was set off several nights in a row and the staff tried to figure out what was going on. The security camera caught footage of a cat. It was sneaking in there at night and eating the food.
Two of the teachers set a trap. They put a chop bone inside. In the morning the cat was trapped inside the cage. It sat calmly on its haunches. Waiting.
●
The local word for cat is butjikit. It’s pronounced ‘butch-e-kit,’ a bit like ‘bush cat.’ Maybe that’s where it came from. Derived from English like mutikar for ‘motorcar’ and buliki for ‘cattle.’
Words like rrupiya for ‘money’ and rrothi for ‘bread’ came from the Macassans, who visited the shores of northern Australia for hundreds of years. The Macassans used to trade with the Yolngu until the relationship was severed by the White Australia policy.
The word Balanda also came from the Macassans. The Macassans had encountered the Dutch, and so all whitefellas became known to the Yolngu as ‘Balanda’ - from the word ‘Hollander.’ Introduced names for introduced things.
Luce saw a roaming bush cat once. Just one, in six months on the island. She was eating breakfast on her porch and saw it pacing the long grass next door. Each step was slow and deliberate, as it tip-toed its way around. Terrified of dogs.
It’s not the place for cats. The butjikit, tolerated by few and loved by none. Even the animal lovers want it dead. It preys on the local wildlife - eating the smaller marsupials and birds.
A rogue. Forever alone. Truly out of its element. But it’s there.
●
They sit on the porch watching the crows and the blue-winged kookaburras. Fires burn in the roadside grass exposing red flour tins and lizards. The kookaburras swoop on the stunned lizards. Some djamarrkuli throw a football into a tamarind tree, knocking down the pods of tamarind fruit.
‘I’ll tell you something, Luce,’ says Val. ‘I’ve felt like a foreigner for much of my life. A traveller. And I love it here, the freedom, the lifestyle. But I’ve learned something about travelling in that time. A lot of travellers chase a shadow.’
Luce is only half-listening. She leafs through the photographs in Donald Thomson’s book. His pictures inspired the movie Ten Canoes. If she had her way Thomson would be talked about in every Australian school, like Burke and Wills, or Sir Douglas Mawson.
‘The illusion that you can out run yourself and your culture. That recreation is as easy as a two-week holiday at the beach. People talk of recreation as if it means relaxation, but it’s more than that. Many of the Balanda here arrive thinking they’re going to learn the ways of the Yolngu. They want to live a bit like the Yolngu on a tropical island. People are stunted by the idea of paradise as a physical thing, as a place you arrive at and unfold your towel. But no matter where you go it’s still you unfolding the towel.’
‘Yeah.’
‘People like the idea that they can leave the city and slip into this way of life, but it isn’t that simple. The most extreme travellers are immigrants. Some immigrants feel at home in their new country, but some still pine for their home after fifty years. It’s a hard thing to change your lifestyle, your culture. To try to leave the hectic life of the city and live the quiet life. People don’t know what to do with themselves. They’re used to being stressed. The culture here overwhelms them. They become frustrated and stay inside their houses. They pick up their towel and move on, searching for the next paradise.’
‘Some of the Balanda are just here for the money. Some are here to tell other people how to do things. But if you want to learn - if you truly want to recreate yourself - you have to be a kid again. Go rolling around in the sand. Taste the salt water.’
●
They watch Baz Luhrmann’s Australia on an old TV. Val laughs at the kid using magic to stop the stampeding herd of cattle, moments before they’d topple into a CGI canyon.
●
Larruway and his wife Rittjil stop in for a visit. Val puts a video of Mauritian music clips on in the background. She went there last year and talks of it often.
‘Do you understand the language?’ Luce asks. ‘Do you know what they’re singing about?’
‘No,’ says Val.
‘They’re singing they love the sea,’ Larruway says, even though he doesn’t understand the language either. ‘The wind. The salt air. They’re saltwater people too.’
The Mauritians dance by the water. They cup their hands in it and touch it to their faces. Their noses tilt to the breeze in rapture. Their bodies flow back and forth like waves.
Saltwater people.
●
Larruway knows where the fish are. He looks for the stirred-up patches of sandy water, or for the flocks of sea birds that hover in the air and dive upon the schools of fish.
Baz Luhrmann might call it magic. Larruway calls it reading the sea.
●
Turtle spots her from a distance and bounds towards her. She’s been waiting in the long grass outside the school.
Back home she knows dogs as solitary animals that live in back yards and are walked on leashes. Here the dogs run free. They have friends - people, and other dogs. They go to people’s houses for bisits. Even dogs know better than to stay inside all the time.
●
She chooses a spot for a fire on the dry mangrove mud well up from the high banks of the river. It’s crocodile country and she stays away from the water. She makes a fire from the dead mangrove wood. When it burns down to coals she boils the water for tea in an old saucepan with the handle busted off. Next to the saucepan she lays down a pair of mullet.
A couple of Yolngu girls emerge from the mangroves carrying a bag full of mussels. They’re sisters. One is supposed to be in her class but doesn’t show up often. Luce pours them a cup of tea. When the fish are cooked she invites them to eat with her. There’s plenty of food but the girls are shy. They’re amused by this Balanda cooking fish the local way, alone in the bush. With some encouragement they take the ice-cream tub lid. They soak the fish in sea water for the salt. They’re not as wasteful as she is. They pick the bones clean, eating everything but the bones and the guts. They eat in silence.
●
She likes the fish cooked this way. Slightly smoked by the fire and salted by sea water. You are what you eat.
When people say that, back in the city, they’re thinking about health. They’re not usually thinking about place. You don’t get the same feeling from food you buy at the supermarket. From food that comes from scattered corners and is disconnected from a sense of place. It’s a different feeling to eat straight from the land and fresh from the sea. It takes on a different meaning. The place is your food, and the food is your place. The food is wänga - it is land, it is home.
The sea is inside of her. Not in a vague or metaphorical sense, but in the cells of her earthly body. In her ripples of flesh, and her bones.
Wänga.
●
Luce looks out over her street. The cooking fires glow like porch lights. The people sit in cross-legged circles on tarpaulins laid upon the sand. The sound of laughter rises like smoke from their campfires. Luce can hear their voices in the stillness and understands the occasional word of Yolngu matha.
She walks across the road. Her adopted mother nods at her and beckons her to sit on the tarpaulin. She doesn’t speak. The old bloke pulls out a guitar and starts to sing in a high, unsteady voice. He’s singing a hymn in English. The old bloke is her adopted father. He’s dying of liver cancer. A blanket is wrapped around his shoulders to keep him warm at night. His song is about gratitude. It sounds clear in the night air, with only the distant wash of the sea to accompany him.




